Moringa oleifera L. leaves are known to have very high protein content and contain isoflavones, inhibiting tyrosinase activity. The study was conducted to test the tyrosinase inhibitor activity of Moringa leaf extract and to formulate the extract as a skin brightening cream. Research shows that the extract of Moringa leaves has good activity as an inhibitor of tyrosinase and can be developed as a skin brightening cream. The results of the cream formulations showed good cosmetology properties (pH, homogeneity, and spreadibility).

Orthopedic and trauma surgery carries a high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs and acute pulmonary embolism (APE). In traumatology, the greatest risk is in hip fractures of the proximal extremity of the femur, especially those of the neck, and intertrochanteric fractures. In orthopedics the risk of thromboembolic complications (TEC) is particularly high in hip and knee surgery, especially in prosthetic replacement, as general factors are associated with local factors such as trauma to vessels and / or blood stasis which further aggravate the perioperative imbalance of the coagulation system. In particular, hip replacement surgery is the one that shows a higher frequency of DVT (especially affecting the proximal large vessels), and of TEC, so much so that pulmonary embolism is one of the main causes of death after this intervention. In this paper, we review the different instruments used for the diagnosis of DVT such as phlebography, radiolabeled fibrinogen collection test, impedance, plethysmography, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance and computed tomography. We also discuss the different prophylaxis methods for DVT and subsequent PE prevention. Then, we performed an experimental study on 420 patient’s operated on for total hip replacement at the 1st Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Florence and other private clinics in the period between 1994-1996. These are 286 first cemented implants, 36 first hybrid implants, 38 first cementless implants and 60 hip replacement reviews. This study showed the importance of color doppler ultrasonography in the prevention of DVT in hip replacement patients and subsequent APE prophylaxis. Significant relationship was found between APE and the protocole used to follow up with the patients (Pvalue 0.0007). Patients in group 2 in which only clinical control (no preoperative color doppler ultrasonography assessment) was performed have higher risk for APE To Occur Than patients in group 1 to whom pre and post-operative color doppler ultrasonography was routinely applied.

Introduction: Poisoning is a critical worldwide problem, having been reported in countries across the continent [1]. A significant number of emergency room visits are due to poisonings and drug overdose. Poisonings is a major cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality [2] of adults. Ingestion of different poisons can intentional or accidental. Poisoning can occur following ingestion, inhalational, or sometimes snuffing of drugs. Regardless of the method of poisoning , it usually leads to catastrophic outcomes. Study population:Any patient aged more than 15 years, who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of King Saud Medical City (KSMC). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with a drug overdose, chemical ingestion/inhalation,poisoning or alcohol intoxication was recruited for this study. Methods: A study of all the patients that presented to our hospital from the period of January 2020 until September, 2020 was recruited for this horizontal study. Initial data was collected manually. An online Excel sheet was created, and the following parameters were collected; age, gender, and nationality, information regarding the ingested/inhaled substance, patients’ signs, and symptoms upon presentation to the Emergency room, and various laboratory tests.Patients were followed till they were in the hospital and finally disposed. Statistical analysis was then performed on the collected data. Results:Most of the patients (65.7%) were males. (69.4 %) were Saudi nationals with a mean age of 33-years. The most common presenting symptom is decreased level of consciousness (35 cases). Paracetamol overdose accounted for 12% of the cases, alcohol accounted for 10.2%. More than 50% of our patients had mixed drug poisoning or unidentifiable poison. The maximum reading for blood pressure was 221/149 mmHg among the benzodiazepine overdose group. The respiratory rate was within the normal limit in all patients.Mortaliyu was below 1%. Conclusion: Drug overdose is a common cause of emergency room visits and hospital admission. Paracetamol was the commonest cause of identifiable drug overdose, followed by Alcohol ingestion. But mixed poisoning involving mutiple drugs were quite common these days. Outcome was generally good with just less than 1% mortality.

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf extract administration on Salmonella typhimurium infected Wistar rats. Rats were infected orally by a single dose administration of Salmonella typhimurium (1.5 x 108 CFU). Negative control groups were infected and treated orally with vehicle (distilled water), neutral control group were not infected, while the four test groups were treated up to 24 days with 50 mg/kg. 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina respectively. The effects of leaf extract administration on serum markers (amino transferase activities, total protein, creatinine and bilirubin levels), as well as histopathology of the liver and kidney tissues were also investigated. Following in vivo studies, the 50 mg/kg dose of aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina was effective in alleviating liver damage as seen in the amino transferase activity. Infection resulted in a significant increase of amino transferase activity. The drug and plant extract helped to alleviate liver and kidney damage from infection as observed in the organ weights and their protein content. Findings from this study showed that the administration of this aqueous leaf extract at higher doses resulted in the ameriolation of the tissue damage caused by the S. Typhi bacteria (from histological studies). These results support the ethnomedicinal use of V. amygdalina, and posits that its leaves can be used in antibacterial phytomedicine.